Most aphid pests are in the subfamily aphidinae, including the closely related species of aphis glycines and aphis gossypii, which have different natural histories. In the present study, we used eight microsatellite markers to investigate the genetic structure and diversity of a. In a few cases, chemical treatments have resulted in more damage than would have occurred without the treatment. The host range of aphis gossypii is dependent on aphid.
In addition to its acute toxicity, it is also important to consider the possible sublethal effects when establishing a comprehensive understanding of the toxicity of a new insecticide. Cottonmelon aphids, aphis gossypii glover, collected from cotton and. The picture below shows a normal coloured aphis gossypii mottled green along with some darker aphids. Cartwright2 department of entomology oklahoma state university stillwater, ok 74078 abstract aphis gossypii. Molecular characterization of the aphis gossypii olfactory. Biology of the soybean aphid, aphis glycines hemiptera. Hypersensitive response to aphis gossypii glover in melon. In plants which produce the phytoestrogen coumestrol, such as alfalfa, damage by aphids is. Pdf influence of nitrogen fertilization on biology of. Pdf ecological studies of aphid aphis gossypii glover. Effect of vermicompost and cucumber cultivar on population.
Initial infestations of cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover, occur between the seedling and early reproductive stages of cotton slosser et al. The research presented here seeks to clarify the taxonomic relationships and status of species within the aphid gossypii. The influence of aphid, aphis gossypii, feeding on photosynthesis and transpiration in cotton plants was investigated under greenhouse conditions. Population genetic structure of aphis gossypii glover. Gene expression profiling in winged and wingless cotton. The cotton aphid, aphis gossypii, is one of the most biologically diverse species of aphids.
Aphis gossypii is a tiny insect, an aphid greenfly in the superfamily aphidoidea in the order hemiptera. We have identified two mutations in the ace1 gene of aphis gossypii that are associated with insensitivity of acetylcholinesterase ache to carbamate and organophosphate insecticides. Apterous, parthenogenetic, viviparous aphids of aphis gossypii were collected from taro and brinjal plants found in the wild at five different locations, separated by about 2000 m distance from each other, in and around agartala, northeast india 23. It is economically important and belongs to a group of closely related species that has challenged aphid taxonomy. Insect biochemistry and molecular biology special issue.
Due to the specialised phloemfeeding of aphids and many other hemipteran insect pests, which necessitates specific chemical treatments and control of virus transmission, this genetic strategy seems particularly attractive for this insect group. The cotton aphid aphis gossypii glover is a worldwide agricultural pest that feeds on cotton, melon, and other landscape plants, causing a high level of economic loss. The oviposition site of the egg of aphis gossypii glover. Aphididae, is one of the important pests of cotton with a global widespread distribution, causing an overall 4% of the insectinduced lint yield reduction annually.
The first of these, s431f equivalent to f331 in torpedo californica, is associated with insensitivity to the carbamate insecticide pirimicarb in a range of a. Antennal olfaction, which is extremely important for insect survival, mediates key behaviors such as host preference, mate choice, and oviposition site selection. Sulfoxaflor is a novel insecticide belonging to sulfoximine chemical class that can be used to control sapfeeding insects, notably aphis gossypii glover. During the 1990s, the cotton aphid aphis gossypii glover escalated from an occasional pest to an annual, severe pest of san joaquin valley sjv cotton. In this study, changes in weight and in free fatty acid content of cotton aphids were recorded after aphids had been parasitized. Tests were conducted in a climate chamber at 25 2c, with relative humidity rh at 70 10%, and a. One only nymph from a female aphid was used to create the clone and maintain it under artificial conditions. In soybean, wingless soybean aphids are pearshaped, 116th inch 1. The green peach aphid, myzus persicae, is a vector for more than 110 plant viruses. However, populations do not usually reach treatable levels until later in the growing season, following insecticide applications for other pests johnson et.
Aphis gossypii, aphis craccivora, brevicoryne brassicae, lipaphis erysimi, myzus persicae and uroleucon compositae as essential foods needed for the reproduction and demography of an aphidophagous ladybird, hippodamia variegata. Ecological studies of aphid aphis gossypii glover, vector of virus disease of chilli capsicum annuum l. Biological control of the cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover hom. Soybean aphid was first described by matsumura 1917, but more defined body characters were published by voegtlin et al. These aphids were used to raise stock cultures, ten each of a. Aphis gossypii wikibooks, open books for an open world. In aphis gossypii bottom the cauda is pale to dusky and has two or three pairs of setae, in aphis spiraecola top the cauda is dark brown to black and has five or six pairs of setae. Host plant resistance to pests is an important component of integrated control strategies. Aphis gossypii glover is a destructive pest of over two dozen crops world wide. In addition to the common characteristics shared with other aphids, ap. Biological control of cotton aphid aphis gossypii glover in cotton inter cropping systems in. Identification of mutations conferring insecticide.
Worldwide, the developing industry of cucumbers cucumis sativus l. The cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover, is a polyphagous pest that damages cotton through direct feeding on the underside of leaves or on the growing tips of shoots. Nitrogen fertilization treatments consisted of 0, 50, 100, and 150% of the agronomic recommended level. Imidacloprid has been widely used for controlling piercingsucking insect pests worldwide, but its sublethal effects on r.
Sublethal effects of certain insecticides on the cotton aphid aphis gossypii g homoptera. Changes in photosynthetic and transpiration rates of. The host range of aphis gossypii is dependent on aphid genetic. Biology of cotton aphid aphis gossypii glover article pdf available in journal of global biosciences 58. Although a lot of studies have been published on the biology of a. Moreover, high aphid densities later in the cotton season also present risks because they produce copious amounts of honeydew, which blackens the leaf, decreases photosynthetic activity, and contaminates the lint resulting in severely reduced lint quality.
Damage to a few of these crops is due to direct feeding, but for most of these crops its impact is through its role as a virus vector. It colonizes 600 host plants and transmits 50 plant viruses blackman and eastop, 2006, ebert and cartwright, 1997. Gore, in microbial control of insect and mite pests, 2017. These range from grain crops and brassicas to potato, cotton, vegetable and fruit crops. Feeding is carried out through the sucking of juices from the plant, causing leaf curling and distortion, which greatly hinders efficient photosynthesis, and induces foliage. This book provides a definitive reference volume on the biology of aphids, their pest status, and how to control them.
Biology and ecology of aphis gossypii glover homoptera. It is a widely distributed pest of a variety of agricultural crops in the families cucurbitaceae, rutaceae and malvaceae. Aphidiae article pdf available in southwestern entomologist 221. The abilities of two isoiates of the entomopathogenic fungus, verticillium lecanii one isolated from whitefly and one from aphids, to control both aphids and whitefly on glasshouse cucumbers was investigated. One other species commonly encountered is aphis spiraecola patch, the spirea aphid. This sapsucking insect is a polyphagous pest that damages cotton through direct feeding and cosmetic damage, and indirectly through transmission of viruses such.
Parasitism usually causes considerable changes in lipids and fatty acids by redirecting the development of the host. From wikibooks, open books for an open world aphis gossypii glover, was sequenced using a combination of highthroughput sequencing, traditional pcr amplification, and sanger sequencing. Common names include cotton aphid, melon aphid and melon and cotton aphid. In insects, odor detection is mediated by odorant receptors ors and ionotropic receptors irs, which ensure the. The direct damages of this pest are caused by curling and distorting the fresh leaves and twigs through direct feeding. Control of homologous hosts was better than that of heterologous hosts. Samples were collected from 37 locations in korea 18 populations in 2016, 14 populations in 2017, and five populations in 2018 from pepper plants. Reproduction and demography of an aphidophagous ladybird. Cotton aphids aphis gossypii often infect sugarcane, papaya and peanuts with viruses.
Molecular and morphological differentiation between aphis. In this study, we investigated the sublethal effects of imidacloprid on biological parameters and five enzyme activities of r. This work aimed to study the biological aspects of a. It includes approximately 30 specially commissioned. Aphididae is a sucking and polyphagous insect pest infesting numerous species of plants worldwide, particularly cucurbitaceae melon, marrow, zucchini, watermelon 1,2. Aphididae is a serious polyphagous agricultural pest worldwide. Cottonmelon aphids, aphis gossypii glover, collected from cotton and cucumber crops, were used in this study. Also discussed are the roles of coccinellids and other predators in the biological control of a. Although the cotton aphid is not a new insect in the sjv, the change in the bionomics of this pest dictated that new research efforts be directed toward its biology, damage thresholds and management. The cottonmelon aphid, aphis gossypii glover, has a wide host range, perhaps 900. Gas exchange rates were determined for single attached cotton leaves after 9, 18, and 27 days of aphid infestation.
In addition, we evaluate the influence of density of gossypol glands and trichomes of leaves on the biology of the aphid. To this end, a cdna library was constructed for various genes and for selecting appropriate targets for rnai mediated silencing. We assessed the effects of a low lethal concentration. Results showed that the weight of parasitized aphis gossypii was increased compared to nonparasitized aphids, and significantly increased weights. Pdf biology and ecology of aphis gossypii homoptera. Sublethal and transgenerational effects of sulfoxaflor on. We tested the effect of two cucumber cultivars royalandstorm and three vermicompost concentrations 0 control, 20, and. Pdf molecular characterization of the aphis gossypii. Effect of nitrogen fertilization on aphis gossypii. Aphis gossypii glover is an important insect pest that functions as a viral vector and mediates approximately 45 different viral diseases. Growth and fatty acid metabolism of aphis gossypii.
The twig of cotton branch harbouring aphis gossypii glover colonies were plucked from the field and brought into the laboratory. Pdf sublethal effects of imidacloprid on the performance. The cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover, is a polyphagous pest that inflicts great damage to cotton yields worldwide. Host races of the cotton aphid, aphis gossypii, in asexual.
Biological aspects of aphis gossypii glover, 1877 hemiptera. Aside from direct damage, aphis gossypii glover is an important vector of many viral diseases in the early cotton season. Effects of temperature and photoperiod on the production. The genome is 15,869 bp in length, and contains 37 typical coding genes, one noncoding atrich region, and a repeat region found exclusively in aphids. E at the china agricultural university, beijing, china, in july of 2009.
Biology and predatory potential of aphidophagous syrphids. Four population densities of 0, 5, 10, and 25 aphids were used to infest individual cotton leaves. Ecological adaption analysis of the cotton aphid aphis. The cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover, is an agriculturally important pest. The experiment studied the effect of different nitrogen levels on the biology and life table parameters of the cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover reared on chrysanthemum indicum kitan. The effect of nitrogen fertilization on aphis gossypii glover color and size, fertility, and intrinsic rate of increase r m was studied on cotton plants. The biology of four species of aphidophagous syrphids, namely, paragus serratus f.
Among these, the melon aphid, aphis gossypii glover hemiptera. The cottonmelon aphid, aphis gossypii glover hemiptera. These intriguing biological features are of interest from both. However, a species recently confirmed from cannabis in california is abstrusomyzus phloxae no common name.
Construction of a cdna library of aphis gossypii glover. The cucurbitaceous plants are always on demand in world market and one of the main pests on these crop is the aphid aphis gossypii. It seems likely that the darker aphids were also aphis gossypii, since aphis fabae is not recorded from this hypericum species. There are approximately 4700 species of aphids, phytophagous insects of which a small subset of about 100 are agricultural crop pests. Aphids represent one of the worlds major insect pests, causing serious economic damage to a range of temperate and tropical crops.
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